Allergic reactions of COVID-19 vaccine based on mRNA-LNP and its pharmacokinetics in vivo.

Vaccination has been proved to be the most effective strategy to prevent the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The mRNA vaccine based on nano drug delivery system (NDDS) - lipid nanoparticles (LNP) has been widely used because of its high effectiveness and safety. Although there have been reports of severe allergic reactions caused by mRNA-LNP vaccines, the mechanism and components of anaphylaxis have not been completely clarified yet. This review focuses on two mRNA-LNP vaccines, BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273. After summarizing the structural characteristics, potential allergens, possible allergic reaction mechanism, and pharmacokinetics of mRNA and LNP in vivo, this article then reviews the evaluation methods for patients with allergic history, as well as the regulations of different countries and regions on people who should not be vaccinated, in order to promote more safe injection of vaccines. LNP has become a recognized highly customizable nucleic acid delivery vector, which not only shows its value in mRNA vaccines, but also has great potential in treating rare diseases, cancers and other broad fields in the future. At the moment when mRNA-LNP vaccines open a new era of nano medicine, it is expected to provide some inspiration for safety research in the process of research, development and evaluation of more nano delivery drugs, and promote more nano drugs successfully to market.Copyright © 2023, Chinese Pharmaceutical Association. All rights reserved.

Allergic reactions of COVID-19 vaccine based on mRNA-LNP and its pharmacokinetics in vivo

Vaccination has been proved to be the most effective strategy to prevent the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The mRNA vaccine based on nano drug delivery system (NDDS) - lipid nanoparticles (LNP) has been widely used because of its high effectiveness and safety. Although there have been reports of severe allergic reactions caused by mRNA-LNP vaccines, the mechanism and components of anaphylaxis have not been completely clarified yet. This review focuses on two mRNA-LNP vaccines, BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273. After summarizing the structural characteristics, potential allergens, possible allergic reaction mechanism, and pharmacokinetics of mRNA and LNP in vivo, this article then reviews the evaluation methods for patients with allergic history, as well as the regulations of different countries and regions on people who should not be vaccinated, in order to promote more safe injection of vaccines. LNP has become a recognized highly customizable nucleic acid delivery vector, which not only shows its value in mRNA vaccines, but also has great potential in treating rare diseases, cancers and other broad fields in the future. At the moment when mRNA-LNP vaccines open a new era of nano medicine, it is expected to provide some inspiration for safety research in the process of research, development and evaluation of more nano delivery drugs, and promote more nano drugs successfully to market.Copyright © 2023, Chinese Pharmaceutical Association. All rights reserved.

Analysis of the characteristics of ocular trauma diseases during the novel coronavirus epidemic

AIM: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of patients hospitalized for ocular trauma during the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic. METHODS: A retrospective case analysis. Totally 876 cases (905 eyes) of ocular trauma were analyzed in this study, including 545 cases (565 eyes) from January to June 2019 were enrolled ascontrol group, and 331 cases (340 eyes) from January to June 2020 were enrolled in the research group. Information regarding age, sex, location of injury, cause of injury, place of residence, and type of injury were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: The number of hospitalisation for ocular trauma in the research group decreased by 39.3% compared with the control group. The age distribution of patients showed a double peak, at 0-10 years (20.55%, 21.45%) and 41-50 years (17.98%, 19.03%) in the control group and research group, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the age distribution between the two groups (P=0.907). Men were predominantly injured in both the control and the research groups, accounting for 80.37% and 83.69%, respectively (P=0.219). The proportion of home injuries in the research group (28.40%) was higher than the control group (11.38%) (P<0.001). The proportion of mechanical eye injuries in the research group (98.19%) was higher than the control group (95.60%) (P=0.041), and the proportion of open globe injuries (85.54%) was also higher than the control group (76.58%) (P=0.001). The proportion of patients with no light perception in the research group (18.86%) was higher than that of the control group (9.53%) (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: During the COVID-19 epidemic period, the total number of ocular trauma cases was significantly reduced. Mechanical eye injuries are still the main type for hospitalisation of patients with eye injuries. The awareness of eye injury prevention should be strengthened during the period of epidemic. Copyright 2022 by the IJO Press.